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Latent inhibition
Latent inhibition is a technical term used in classical conditioning to refer to the observation that a familiar stimulus takes longer to acquire meaning (as a signal or conditioned stimulus) than a new stimulus.〔Bouton, M. E. (2007) ''Learning and Behavior'' Sunderland, MA: Sinauer〕 The term "latent inhibition" dates back to Lubow and Moore.〔Lubow, R. E. (1973). Latent inhibition. Psychological bulletin, 79(6), 398.〕 The LI effect is "latent" in that it is not exhibited in the stimulus pre-exposure phase, but rather in the subsequent test phase. "Inhibition", here, simply connotes that the effect is expressed in terms of relatively poor learning. The LI effect is extremely robust, appearing in all mammalian species that have been tested and across many different learning paradigms, thereby suggesting some adaptive advantages, such as protecting the organism from associating irrelevant stimuli with other, more important, events.
==Theories==
The LI effect has received a number of theoretical interpretations. One class of theory holds that inconsequential stimulus pre-exposure results in reduced associability for that stimulus. The loss of associability has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms that reduce attention, which then must be reacquired in order for learning to proceed normally.〔see Lubow & Weiner, 2010, for reviews〕 Alternatively, it has been proposed that LI is a result of retrieval failure rather than acquisition failure.〔http://www.lowlatentinhibition.org/〕 Such a position advocates that, following stimulus pre-exposure, the acquisition of the new association to the old stimulus proceeds normally. However, in the test stage, two associations (the stimulus-no consequence association from the pre-exposure stage and the stimulus-consequence stimulus association of the acquisition stage) are retrieved and compete for expression. The group not pre-exposed to the stimulus performs better than the pre-exposed group because for the first group there is only the second association to be retrieved.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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